What you need to know about automatic cars
What makes a car automatic?
The clue's in the name – automatic cars do the gear changing automatically.
No clutch pedal, no manual gear changes.
Instead of three pedals, you've got just two: Brake and accelerator.
The car's computer decides when to change gears based on your speed, how hard you're pressing the accelerator, and even whether you're going uphill.
But how does it actually work?
Traditional automatic cars use something called a torque converter – think of it as a very clever fluid coupling that transfers power from the engine to the wheels.
Instead of a clutch plate that physically connects and disconnects, the torque converter uses transmission fluid to do the job smoothly.
But not all automatics are created equal. In fact, there are semi-automatic options too.
When it comes to automatic cars, there are a few options:
- Paddle shift: These give you manual control when you want it, with paddles behind the steering wheel to change gears
- CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission): These don't have traditional gears at all – they seamlessly adjust the gear ratio for maximum efficiency. You might notice the engine staying at a constant RPM, which can feel a bit odd at first
- Dual-clutch automatics: These use two clutches (hence the name) to pre-select the next gear, making gear changes lightning fast
The beauty of leasing? You can try different types of automatic transmissions without committing to buying any of them.
When were automatic cars invented?
Automatic cars aren’t a new concept.
The first automatic transmission was actually invented way back in 1921 by a Canadian engineer called Alfred Munro. His early version used compressed air – quite different from the fluid-based systems we know today.
The breakthrough came in 1940 when General Motors introduced the Hydra-Matic, the first automatic transmission to use hydraulic fluid.
GM marketed it as "the greatest advance since the self-starter" and it went into full production with the Oldsmobile in 1948.
The evolution didn't stop there though:
- 1955: GM replaced the Hydra-Matic with the Jetaway (which didn't perform well)
- 1969: The "Turbo Hydra-Matic" took the market by storm
- 1968: Honda entered the game with the Hondamatic, paired with a tiny 354cc engine
- 1991: BMW released the first-ever 5-speed automatic for the 7 Series
- 2003: Volkswagen introduced dual-clutch technology with the Golf R32
The 1970s energy crisis and fuel economy standards forced manufacturers to make automatics more efficient.
But the real game-changer has been the rise of hybrid and electric vehicles since 2010. Electric vehicles (EVs) are automatic as they don't need gears, and plug-in hybrids use automatic transmissions too.
In fact, between 2019-2021, automatic cars finally outnumbered manual cars in new car sales for the first time in the UK. With the shift towards EVs amid the 2030 petrol and diesel ban, automatics are set to become the norm rather than the exception.
Where are the controls?
Getting into an automatic car for the first time? Here's what you'll find:
Two pedals instead of three:
- Right foot: Brake and accelerator (just like a manual)
- Left foot: Nothing – there's no clutch pedal
Instead of a gear stick, you'll have a gear selector with these positions:
- P (Park): For when you're parked
- R (Reverse): For going backwards
- N (Neutral): Engine running but not in gear
- D (Drive): For normal driving forward
Some cars also have additional options like S (Sport) for more responsive driving or L (Low) for steep hills.
If you've got a semi-automatic (like a dual-clutch or CVT), you might also find:
- Paddle shifts: Small levers behind the steering wheel to manually change gears when you want more control
- Manual mode: Usually accessed by moving the gear selector to M and then using + and - to shift up or down
That's it – much simpler than you might think.
Licence requirements
Here's something crucial to remember: You can't drive a manual car with an automatic licence.
If you choose to learn in an automatic, you'll only be legally allowed to drive automatic cars. However, if you have a manual licence, you'll be able to drive both automatic and manual cars.
It's also worth noting that automatic driving lessons often cost more than manual lessons, though many find they need fewer lessons overall since there's less to master.
Driving techniques
Always keep your foot on the brake pedal when shifting from park to drive or reverse. Once you select drive and lift your foot off the brake, most automatics will 'creep' forward on their own – no accelerator needed.
This is handy for parking manoeuvres and slow-speed driving.
Be gentle with the accelerator pedal. Automatics can be more responsive than manuals, so a light touch is often all you need.
The gearbox will automatically select the right gear based on how much pressure you apply and your driving speed.
Good news – no more rolling backwards on hills. Most modern automatics will hold themselves on inclines, and many have hill-hold assist that prevents rollback when you move your foot from brake to accelerator.
Many automatics also offer additional settings:
- S (Sport): Keeps gears longer for more responsive acceleration
- L (Low): Stays in lower gears for more control on steep hills or when towing
- Winter mode (often a snowflake symbol): Some cars have this for better traction in snow and ice, taking off in a higher gear instead