Biofuel
Made from crops like corn and sugarcane, bioethanol and biodiesel swap fossil fuels for something a little more farm-fresh.
Your car, powered by plants? It’s more possible than you think.
Steam
Once the hotshot of the 19th Century, steam-powered cars could make a comeback.
These engines burn fuel externally, reducing emissions, but whether they’ll truly pick up steam again remains to be seen.
Kinetic
Already used in regenerative braking, this clever tech converts lost energy into usable power.
Expect to see more of it in future cars, making every stoplight a mini recharge.
Heat
Around two-thirds of a petrol or diesel engine’s energy is lost as heat.
Thermoelectric technology aims to capture and convert that wasted energy into usable power, making cars more efficient.
Waste not, want not!
Hydrogen
Hydrogen-powered cars emit only water, making them a cleaner alternative to petrol and diesel.
However, hydrogen production requires significant energy, and with limited refuelling infrastructure, mass adoption remains a challenge—for now.
Air
Compressed air can be used to drive a car’s pistons, producing zero emissions.
Some prototypes, like those developed by Tata, have explored the idea, but no mainstream production models have hit the roads yet.
Nitrogen
Sounds sci-fi, but it can drive a piston or rotary engine.
However, it’s not as efficient as other fuels and still needs electricity to produce it.
LPG
A cleaner-burning alternative to petrol and diesel, LPG is already used in homes and businesses.
But with under 1% of UK cars running on it, it’s still more niche than mainstream.